What do I need to do to wire my trolling motor, lights, and depth finder to one battery and have it kick if somethings wrong?

After looking some more into it. It looks like I could just use a quick connect circuit breaker for everything. Would this work?

Not really a recommended setup but you can do it.  However, no one circuit protection is going to work for all.   You will need a circuit breaker (manual or auto reset) the recommended size for your TM.  Then you will need to run fuses, again recommended sizes for each of the electronics devices.   If you're going to wire running lights to it also, they also need to be on a seperate fuse, approx 5 amps.

Just a couple of things to add to Way2slow's advice: Make sure the breaker/fuses are as close as possible to the battery, and make sure they are in the positive conductor for each circuit.