Well, Kent, here is a rough article on Pre-spawn. But I have to tell ya, it was hard for me to write a general article on such a complex subject. Complex, because there are so many regions, water types, and species of bass that one article cannot cover the subject adequately -- well, at least in my opinion.
That Magical Time of Year
It is that magical time that bass anglers all over North America have been waiting for that time when they can see their first bass of the year cruise the shallows, and the new-year can truly be rung in pre-spawn.
As the snow is still falling in the north, the waters of Mexico are already brimming with pre-spawn activity, as water temperatures climb into the 60's. Here in the North the bass are still sitting in water 32° to 40°, and are now just beginning to make their way along the bottom structure towards the prime real estate of the North shores.
Regardless of where you live, the process is basically -- the same, with the biggest exception being the water temperature. In the North, the process begins when the water temperatures climb into the low 40's, in the mid-South the upper 40's to low 50's, and in the South, when the water reaches the mid to upper 50's.
The Process:
From the onset of winter, bass continuously seek warmer water. In this process, they eventually make their way to areas along the North and Northwestern shores that have clear waters with dark or rocky bottoms, in water (typically) 30 to 50 feet deep.
As the water continues to warm, (please refer to the illustration) the bass will work their way along the bottom edge from the main lake point to the secondary points and their cuts; which in the North means the mid 40's, Mid-South low 50's, and in the South upper 50's to low 60's. The important thing to note is, these temperature changes may be a subtle as two degrees in the North to four-five degrees in the South.
As waters temperatures climb, (upper 40's in the North, upper 50's in the Mid-South, and mid 60's in the South) the bass will move up along transitions and start cruising the shallows; at first to get warm, and then to feed. That is important for you to note; for when the bass first move up, the first day or so they will be less aggressive as they are warming; and throughout the pre-spawn are also quite acceptable to cold fronts meaning as cold fronts move in the bass will move back to deeper water.
Note: Bass ALWAYS move following transitional lines: where hard bottoms meet soft bottoms (Clay meets muck, or sand meets gravel, or clay meets rock); or where small rock meets bigger rock, or along edges (top or bottom) of a ledges or channel breaks, ridges, ditches, or impressions. Transitions also include some that are less obvious, like: where clear water meets dirty water, or where the thermocline meets structure or cover, or the thermocline itself, or where cool water meets warm water, or the edge of water current, etc.
Note: Not all bass migrate at the same time. Typically, the larger, older fish go first, followed by the smaller, younger ones.
Note: On larger lakes, this process may begin in the Western (shallow) end and work its way up to the deeper Eastern end over a matter of weeks.
Note: In Southern waters, this process can span over a 3-4 month period as the bass instinctually know they have a longer time to complete this process; where Northern bass will be a lot more aggressive as instinctually they know they may only have five or six weeks to complete this process.
As temperatures rise another 2°-3°, the bass will begin to actively feed prime targets will be around the reeds, docks, rocks, laydowns, brush, and stumps. This active feeding will continue until the temperatures reach the mid to upper 50's in the North, to the low 70's in the South. At which point, the males will stop feeding and start building their spawning beds and the females will move off to the first major drop (5' to 15').
Note: One of the reasons bass are such a popular game fish is, because they can always be tricked or forced into striking a lure. It is called a reactionary strike, and can be provoked out of anger, fear, territorial protection, or self-defense. One of the most productive ways, I found, to provoke a reactionary strike is to slowly bring your lure to within a couple of feet of the bass. Then burn the lure straight at the bass's head -- for if you bring a lure into the bass from behind, the bass will spook and swim off rather then turn and bite.
Lure Selections and Presentations:
In the early pre-spawn, when the bass are still holding on the secondary points and cuts, a wacky rigged Senkos, or a small skirted jig with a big pork chunk are two excellent lure choices. For each are slow falling lures that will thoroughly cover the entire water column, while staying in each strike zone a decent amount of time.
As the bass move up and onto the shallow flat, they may be easily spooked, and since the water is clear, long casts work best for the average angler. Lipless crankbaits, flat-sided shallow divers, and spinnerbaits are all good selections. Make long casts past obvious cover, and bring the lures back over the targeted area in a stop and go erratic retrieve. More experienced anglers who can make long pitches with little to no splash, may prefer to use floating worms, soft jerkbaits, and tubes.
Once the bass become more active, topwater lures, (such as buzzbaits, spooks, and poppers) produce well. But my personal favorite lure for this time of year, which technically is not suppose to work, is the Mann's 1-Minus wide wobble crankbait. All three of the largest bass I have ever caught (8.75, 8.89, 9.02), all came during this time of year, burning a Mann's 1-minus over stump fields and rocky bottoms in water 2-3-feet deep. My typical rod setup for this presentation is a 7' med heavy, fast action trigger rod with a 6.1:1 reel, spooled with 12-lb., test fluorocarbon line.