Yes, yes, and yes

x2

I have seen bass hit my lure twice.  Same situation hooked it came off and then struck my frog again. I've also seen this happen when fishing worms if they are hungry enough they will make sure they get it

I have had bedding fish hit lures after being caught that day.  I grew up pond fishing and all ponds around me had duckgrass which basically turns the pond green with little green dots.  When I was young I would use a wieghtless tube and drag it over top and any fished I missed followed up with another weighted tube and it worked well.  I have had bass miss my topwater Pop-R two and three times and on the last time get hooked.

If you read the initial question was about the bass being hooked and getting away after fighting the fish.

Very different scenario when bass strikes short and misses a lure, this happens a lot no harm no foul. All the bass did was show you it's location or more than likely the location of several bass. Changing the lure presentation or a different lure is a common sense approach to follow up with.

Keep in mind if the bass followed the initial lure a distance before striking, it takes a few minutes for that bass to return to where it came from. If the bass strike was a fast reaction strike, the bass will be near to where you missed the strike.

Tom