In my mind there are 2 basic materials, natural, synthetic, natural/synthetic mix.  

There are 2 basic materials.

wool

synthetic-polyester, treated (waterproof) polyester (GoreTex, DWR, Aspire and so on) fleece, neoprene and combinations.

Each material has advantages and disadvantages.  

Pro-Wool is fairly inexpensive in comparison, naturally insulating even when wet and very durable.  Con-Wool can be bulky and heavy especially when wet, likes to hold onto hooks, absorbs water readily so you have to limit exposure to water and slime/doesnt offer great grip (some wool gloves will have a leather/synthetic palm or coating which sheds water and allows grip), once wet takes a long time to dry, so its best you remove 1 glove if you have to revive a fish or grab one out of the water.

Pro- Polyester is light, drys quickly, easy to clean/maintain, waterproof available, can offer some sensitivity depending on thickness/insulation.  

Con- Polyesters negatives are that it's got no insulation naturally, needs to have a palm for grip, insulation for warmth, relies on stitching/bonding for grip/insulation which can fail overtime.

Pro-Neoprene is truly waterproof, offers good grip and comfort, flexible one warm, fairly inexpensive.  Dries quickly.  

Con-Neoprene can be prone to dry rot if not stored properly, can be cut or holed fairly easily, relies on stitching/bonding, is dependent upon insulation in cold weather for warmth (usually thin fleece lining), longer cuffs can be bulky, but shorter cuffed options are plentiful.  Eventually enough heat will bleed out to make your hands cold.  Once your hands get cold you have to take them offf and warm your hands in a pocket or heavier set of gloves.

  

There are 2 basic styles of glove and a hybrid style which are any good for anglers.    

Pro-Fingerless (warm) Gives you the ability to access pockets without removing, feel line/ control spool, tie knots, use touchscreens.

Con-Not as warm, inside will get wet, but the right pair will dry quickly 

Pro-Full gloves (warmer) Fingers being covered will stay warmer, hand can stay dry (in theory)

Cons- You lose sensitivity with any glove thicker than a liner, will have to take off to search pockets, cannot feel like or spool, cant tie knots

Glomitts (warmest) Offer the best of both worlds (in theory), both wool and synthetic options are effective, allows quick access to fingers, often have a holed thumb 

Glomitts are bulky, must take off to access pockets tackle bags, 0 water resistance, fingers/thumb are generally longer than true fingerless gloves which means you don't have as exposed skin to feel line or spool, mitten often gets in the way when not in use

Open/cut gloves are gloves with access to 1-2 fingers and thumb via holes missing tips.  Warmer than fingerless, offer quick access to fingers without bulk of glomitt

No way to waterproof, will not dry on hand if submerged, not much warmer than fingerless without the benefit of sensitivity.

 

The gloves I wear the most are discontinued insulated Guide Wear fingerless gloves.  If they are still available, I'm sure good ole Johnny has decreased the quality.  Glacier gloves and monkeys' paw or whatever they're do make a similar product.  I do really like fingerless wool gloves too.  good pairs are generally warmer than fingerless synthetics, but you have to keep them pretty dry.  Once wet they still insulate, but not very well.  synthetic fingerless gloves don't absorb water and will dry very quickly.  I carry a pair of wool and synthetic fingerless in my coat.  I will have glomitts and full neoprene gloves, either in the boat and or vehicle.

I used to have off most of the winter and with as much as I duck hunted one would think it was my only source of food.  Spent hundreds of hours paddling and punting a layout boat and can't imagine how many spreads I've picked up.  Neoprene gloves and a good parka/wading jacket with a cinchable neoprene cuff tightened over the wrist of the neoprene gloves will keep hands from getting wet and water from running down your sleeve.

Most paddles come with rubber like washers that slide onto the shaft.  They help keep water from running onto your hands and in your yak.  

 

 

The electric hand warmers probably wouldn't be for me. It appears they have magnets in them. I could see them attaching to my gun, or my pocket knife, and bam, pretty soon my shirt is around my neck, or the warmer is out of the pocket.

I keep my hands warm in the winter with USB/battery powered hand warmers and my Milwaukee M12 heated jacket that has both body and pocket heat elements.

 

I keep a couple hand towels with me to keep them dry.

Winter kayaking needs dry pants, and layers underneath to match the day.  

Kokatat goretex (they offer slightly less breathable and cheaper Hydrus, also).  

NRS offers their HypoTex dry pants for less.  

These fit more like street pants than waders, and completely comfortable sitting in kayak (or driving truck).  

From decades of winter tailwater fishing, wet fleece gloves are a detriment, sucking major heat from your hands. 

Wet wool gloves are still good insulation - though normal to remove gloves and keep them dry in a jacket pocket before handling fish.  

Neoprene is the very best glove for insulating wet hands.  

Neoprene is not a good idea for waders or dry pants, because they don't breathe and saturate your clothes with sweat.