Are spinning rods good for rainbow trout in rivers?

Probably the most common option for trout in rivers I'd guess. A lot of guys flyfish but there's probably even more that use spinning tackle. The speed and size of the river and the size of the trout you might encounter should dictate your equipment selection.

Are spinning rods good for rainbow trout in rivers?

They are perfect for trout in rivers, or anywhere else for that matter. I prefer a fly rod for trout, but an ultra light, or light action spinning combo (depending on how big the trout are) is still a lot of fun for trout.

short (6' and under) spinning rods especially shine on streams where the banks have lots of overhanging branches (which makes fly casting very tough). I gave up on fly casting years ago (too much wasted motion for me...and i was never very good at it anyway) and now use spin gear for trout whenever I pursue them (usually only a couple times per year).

Spinning gear for bluegill to sailfish, I believe trout fall in there someplace.

What kind of line is good for trout.

What kind of line is good for trout.

Depends on the clarity of the water, type of trout (stocked or native) and the size of the trout. 4 to 6 lb mono are good bets.

I'm targeting World Record brown trout on the White River in north central Arkansas.

My gear is a G. Loomis PR844S/ Stella 2500FE/ Yo-Zuri #4 (green).

I usually take 2 rods when trout fishing in small streams...one loaded with 4lb Trilene XL, the other with 6 lb. If I were only gonna take one rod...I'd use the 4 lb (little chance of running into anything bigger where I trout fish) but I'd take the extra spool w/ 6 lb just in case. I use 2 Shimano siennas in the 1000 size for just that very reason.

although...I'm very tempted to throw some 6 lb line on one of my Stradic Ci4 reels (even thought they are 2500 size) and use that...just because it's so dang sweet.