excellent post Catt.
here are some more tips
dying shad, the main winter diet.
Sometimes the water gets too clear and the shad suspend around 20' or so and the fish just won't come up on your bait unless you get it down beyond its normal running depth.
When the fish are suspended over brush piles or are in relatively shallow water I like to weight the bait so that it slowly rises. This allows you to get the bait right over the cover or right on the bank and fish it as slow as possible and still keep it from getting hung up in the tree or settling in the rocks.
Many times it will hit the tree or a rock and float itself out of trouble preventing me from having to go over and retrieve it and screwing up the whole deal. Most times this is when you'll get bit, as it floats out of the tree. Granted you must fish the bait a little faster than you may like when it slowly rises as opposed to if it were suspended, but it pays off big if the are over cover. If they're shallow, they're usually active enough that it won't matter that you're fishing it a little faster. Again, the faster it rises, the faster you must fish it to keep it down so experiment with the weight until you find the right rate of rise.
Now to the tricky part. How do you find these winter fish when the water is so cold and the fish are so lethargic?
Well, if you don't have years of experience at fishing to fall back on the easiest way to find them is to forget about those hard to catch, lethargic fish and concentrate on the more active fish.
The easiest way to do that is to find the schools of dying shad. Not just any shad, dying shad. When the lake gets really cold the shad die off by the thousands and these are the ones the big fish are looking for. They have to exert little effort to eat these shad and when you find one you usually find a bunch. All they have to do is suspend near the school and wait for dinner to flutter by.
Sometimes you can see the shad floating but most of the time you'll just see them flutter near the surface then head back down in the water.
They are all over the banks of the Mississippi River and other bodies of water in Missouri all winter long and they feed on these same shad until they head back north in the spring. They are almost fool proof. When you see one perched and then swoop down for a shad, you've most likely found bass. They make their living finding these large schools of dying shad and so do those big bass.
Gulls can help you find dying shad as well but you must observe the posture they're in order for them to be a really big help. They fly around, looking for shad, many times out in the middle of the lake whereas the Eagle hunts much closer to the shoreline he is perched on and the fish here are much easier to catch. However if you see gulls diving near the shore and coming up with shad this can be a very good spot. If you find these dying shad in the backs of small coves that's where you'll find the catchable bass.
Head out in the morning knowing that you're fishing for 5 or 6 bites and that these bites will be good enough that if you execute you'll have a very good chance of winning. After a few years of finding these fish you'll have the knowledge of the types of areas to find these schools of shad and then the birds will be a bonus. Don't get caught up in all the things you're likely to read about where to catch winter bass either. You don't have to fish main lake points and you don't have to fish deep and the wind does not push schools of shad.
Think about it, if the wind actually pushed shad every shad in the lake would be stranded on one side of the lake, flopping around on shore, after a few hours of high wind. The wind blows the surface of the lake only. What it does do is blows plankton and shad eat plankton. The wind will blow the dead shad but the bass do not eat these floaters. The depth of these actively feeding bass will be determined by water clarity. If you can no longer see the bottom your in enough water to catch bass, even if this is as little as 4' or 5'.